Here, you will find a comprehensive collection of research about procrastination. It comes in two parts:
- List of accessible articles about procrastination from this website, which summarize and synthesize existing procrastination research.
- List of all the procrastination research that was used to write the articles on the website.
The sources that were used to write the articles come from many fields, such as psychology, behavioral economics, and neuroscience. They include many types of papers, such as theoretical articles, review articles, meta-analyses, experimental studies, clinical studies, and computational studies. Most of these are publications in peer-reviewed journals, but some represent other types of academic sources, including book chapters, doctoral dissertations, and entries in scientific encyclopedias, all written by scientific experts.
There are hundreds of procrastination papers listed in this bibliography. A selection of key ones are bolded; these are recommended items to start with if you want to read the scientific literature about procrastination.
Procrastination articles
The following are the key articles on the website that summarize and synthesize existing procrastination research:
- Procrastination overview
- Why people procrastinate
- How to stop procrastinating
- Types of procrastination (including chronic, academic, workplace, bedtime, online, active, and productive)
- Collections of information about procrastination (including symptoms, dangers, benefits, facts, and statistics)
- Issues associated with procrastination (including stress, depression, anxiety, fear, perfectionism, ADHD, and repetitive cycles)
- Other key concepts relating to procrastination (including psychological theories, time management, emotion regulation, genetics, self-efficacy, and self-compassion)
- Summaries of specific procrastination studies
Below, you will find all the procrastination research that these articles are based on, which is cited throughout the articles using hyperlinks. Note that the articles also cite additional sources that are not listed here, primarily about topics that are relevant for understanding and dealing with procrastination, but that are not directly about procrastination itself (e.g., the stages that people go through as they work to change their behavior).
Procrastination research papers
Chen, G., & Lyu, C. (2024). The relationship between smartphone addiction and procrastination among students: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Personality and Individual Differences, 224, Article 112652. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2024.112652
Araya-Castillo, L., Burgos, M., González, P., Rivera, Y., Barrientos, N., Yáñez Jara, V., … & Sáez, W. (2023). Procrastination in university students: A proposal of a theoretical model. Behavioral Sciences, 13(2), Article 128. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13020128
Arnold, I. J. (2023). The link between procrastination and graduation rates: Evidence from the ALEKS learning platform. Education Economics, 31(3), 275-287. https://doi.org/10.1080/09645292.2022.2063796
Bai, H., Li, X., Wang, X., Tong, W., Li, Y., & Hu, W. (2023). Active procrastination incubates more creative thinking: The sequential mediating effect of personal mastery and creative self-concept. Creativity Research Journal. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1080/10400419.2023.2171721
Bodalski, E. A., Flory, K., Canu, W. H., Willcutt, E. G., & Hartung, C. M. (2023). ADHD symptoms and procrastination in college students: The roles of emotion dysregulation and self-esteem. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 45(1), 48-57. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10862-022-09996-2
Campbell, R. L., & Bridges, A. J. (2023). Bedtime procrastination mediates the relation between anxiety and sleep problems. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 79(3), 803-817. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.23440
Cruz, R. N. C., & Miranda, J. O. (2023). Examining procrastination using the DSM-5 personality trait model: Disinhibition as a core personality trait. Current Psychology. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-023-04815-7
Fuke, T. S. S., Kamber, E., Alunni, M., & Mahy, C. E. V. (2023). The emergence of procrastination in early childhood: Relations with executive control and future-oriented cognition. Developmental Psychology, 59(3), 579. https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0001502
Gökalp, Z. Ş., Saritepeci, M., & Durak, H. Y. (2023). The relationship between self-control and procrastination among adolescent: The mediating role of multi screen addiction. Current Psychology, 42(15), 13192-13203. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-021-02472-2
Johansson, F., Rozental, A., Edlund, K., Côté, P., Sundberg, T., Onell, C., … & Skillgate, E. (2023). Associations between procrastination and subsequent health outcomes among university students in Sweden. JAMA Network Open, 6(1), Article e2249346. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.49346
Johnson, S. T., & Most, S. B. (2023). Taking the path of least resistance now, but not later: Pushing cognitive effort into the future reduces effort discounting. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 30(3), 1115-1124. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-022-02198-7
Koppenborg, M., Klingsieck, K. B., & Hüffmeier, J. (2023). Conjunctive and additive group work reduce academic procrastination: Insights from a vignette study. Current Psychology. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-023-04294-w
Kühnel, J., Bledow, R., & Kuonath, A. (2023). Overcoming procrastination: Time pressure and positive affect as compensatory routes to action. Journal of Business and Psychology, 38(4), 803-819. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10869-022-09817-z
Liu, G. (2023). Exploring different types of procrastination in multinational corporation employees: A latent class analysis. Current Psychology. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-023-04375-w
Mackiewicz, M. (2023). Why do wantrepreneurs fail to take actions? Moderators of the link between intentions and entrepreneurial actions at the early stage of venturing. Quality & Quantity, 57(1), 323-344. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-022-01337-5
Oflazian, J. S., & Borders, A. (2023). Does rumination mediate the unique effects of shame and guilt on procrastination?. Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, 41(1), 237-246. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10942-022-00466-y
Rad, H. S., Samadi, S., Sirois, F. M., & Goodarzi, H. (2023). Mindfulness intervention for academic procrastination: A randomized control trial. Learning and Individual Differences, 101, Article 102244. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2022.102244
Sirois, F. M., Stride, C. B., & Pychyl, T. A. (2023). Procrastination and health: A longitudinal test of the roles of stress and health behaviours. British Journal of Health Psychology. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjhp.12658
Teoh, A. N., & Wong, J. W. K. (2023). Mindfulness is associated with better sleep quality in young adults by reducing boredom and bedtime procrastination. Behavioral Sleep Medicine, 21(1), 61-71. https://doi.org/10.1080/15402002.2022.2035729
Aalbers, G., vanden Abeele, M. M., Hendrickson, A. T., de Marez, L., & Keijsers, L. (2022). Caught in the moment: Are there person-specific associations between momentary procrastination and passively measured smartphone use?. Mobile Media & Communication, 10(11), 115-135. https://doi.org/10.1177/2050157921993896
Aydın, Y., & Aydın, G. (2022). Predictors of procrastination in a moderated mediation analysis: The roles of problematic smartphone use, psychological flexibility, and gender. Psychological Reports. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1177/00332941221119404
Beck, E. D., & Jackson, J. J. (2022). Personalized prediction of behaviors and experiences: An idiographic person–situation test. Psychological Science, 33(10), 1767-1782. https://doi.org/10.1177/09567976221093307
Berber Çelik, Ç., & Odaci, H. (2022). Subjective well-being in university students: What are the impacts of procrastination and attachment styles?. British Journal of Guidance & Counselling, 50(5), 768-781. https://doi.org/10.1080/03069885.2020.1803211
Cosentino, E., McCarroll, C. J., & Michaelian, K. (2022). Resisting temptation and overcoming procrastination: The roles of mental time travel and metacognition. Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11097-022-09836-4
Deimen, I., & Wirtz, J. (2022). Control, cost, and confidence: Perseverance and procrastination in the face of failure. Games and Economic Behavior, 134, 52-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geb.2022.03.013
Feng, B., & Sun, W. (2022). Bedtime procrastination and fatigue in Chinese college students: The mediating role of mobile phone addiction. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-022-00796-z
Feyzi Behnagh, R., & Ferrari, J. R. (2022). Exploring 40 years on affective correlates to procrastination: A literature review of situational and dispositional types. Current Psychology, 41, 1097-1111. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-021-02653-z
Fostervold, K. I., Ludvigsen, S., & Strømsø, H. I. (2022). Students’ time management and procrastination in the wake of the pandemic. Educational Psychology, 42(10), 1223-1240. https://doi.org/10.1080/01443410.2022.2102582
Furlan, L. A., & Cristofolini, T. (2022). Interventions to reduce academic procrastination: A review of their theoretical bases and characteristics. In L. R. V. Gonzaga, L. L. Dellazzana-Zanon, & A. M. Becker da Silva (Eds.), Handbook of stress and academic anxiety (pp. 127-147). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-12737-3_9
García-Ros, R., Pérez-González, F., Tomás, J. M., & Sancho, P. (2022). Effects of self-regulated learning and procrastination on academic stress, subjective well-being, and academic achievement in secondary education. Current Psychology. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-022-03759-8
Gosselin, P., Castonguay, C., Goyette, M., Lambert, R., Brisson, M., Landreville, P., & Grenier, S. (2022). Anxiety among older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 92, Article 102633. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2022.102633
Haesevoets, T., De Cremer, D., Hirst, G., De Schutter, L., Stouten, J., van Dijke, M., & Van Hiel, A. (2022). The effect of decisional leader procrastination on employee innovation: Investigating the moderating role of employees’ resistance to change. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 29(1), 131-146. https://doi.org/10.1177/15480518211044166
Hill, V. M., Rebar, A. L., Ferguson, S. A., Shriane, A. E., & Vincent, G. E. (2022). Go to bed! A systematic review and meta-analysis of bedtime procrastination correlates and sleep outcomes. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 66, Article 101697. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2022.101697
Junça‐Silva, A., Neves, P., & Caetano, A. (2022). Procrastination is not only a “thief of time”, but also a thief of happiness: It buffers the beneficial effects of telework on well-being via daily micro-events of IT workers. International Journal of Manpower. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJM-05-2022-0223
Kljajic, K., Schellenberg, B. J., & Gaudreau, P. (2022). Why do students procrastinate more in some courses than in others and what happens next? Expanding the multilevel perspective on procrastination. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, Article 786249. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.786249
Koppenborg, M., & Klingsieck, K. B. (2022). Group work and student procrastination. Learning and Individual Differences, 94, Article 102117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2022.102117
Le Bouc, R., & Pessiglione, M. (2022). A neuro-computational account of procrastination behavior. Nature Communications, 13, Article 5639. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-33119-w
Li, X., & Ye, Y. (2022). Fear of missing out and irrational procrastination in the mobile social media environment: A moderated mediation analysis. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 25(1), 59-65. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2021.0052
Lim, V. K., & Teo, T. S. (2022). Cyberloafing: A review and research agenda. Applied Psychology. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1111/apps.12452
Maier, T., Kühnel, J., & Zimmermann, B. (2022). How did you sleep tonight? The relevance of sleep quality and sleep–wake rhythm for procrastination at work. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, Article 785154. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.785154
Meier, A. (2022). Studying problems, not problematic usage: Do mobile checking habits increase procrastination and decrease well-being?. Mobile Media & Communication, 10(2), 272-293. https://doi.org/10.1177/20501579211029326
Miyake, A., & Kane, M. J. (2022). Toward a holistic approach to reducing academic procrastination with classroom interventions. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 31(4), 291-304. https://doi.org/10.1177/09637214211070814
Niazov, Z., Hen, M., & Ferrari, J. R. (2022). Online and academic procrastination in students with learning disabilities: The impact of academic stress and self-efficacy. Psychological Reports, 125(2), 890-912. https://doi.org/10.1177/0033294120988113
Ocansey, G., Addo, C., Onyeaka, H. K., Andoh-Arthur, J., & Oppong Asante, K. (2022). The influence of personality types on academic procrastination among undergraduate students. International Journal of School & Educational Psychology, 10(3), 360-367. https://doi.org/10.1080/21683603.2020.1841051
Koppenborg, M., & Klingsieck, K. B. (2022). Social factors of procrastination: Group work can reduce procrastination among students. Social Psychology of Education, 25(1), 249-274. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11218-021-09682-3
Pu, Z., Leong, R. L., Chee, M. W., & Massar, S. A. (2022). Bedtime procrastination and chronotype differentially predict adolescent sleep on school nights and non-school nights. Sleep Health, 8(6), 640-647. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleh.2022.09.007
Rapoport, O., Bengel, S., Möcklinghoff, S., & Neidhardt, E. (2022). Self-compassion moderates the influence of procrastination on postponing sporting activity. Personality and Individual Differences, 185, Article 111242. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2021.111242
Rebetez, M. M. L., Barsics, C., Montisci, T., & Rochat, L. (2022). Towards a dimensional, multifactorial, and integrative approach to procrastination in everyday life: An illustration through interviews. Psychologica Belgica, 62(1), 166-183. https://doi.org/10.5334/pb.1115
Rozental, A., Forsström, D., Hussoon, A., & Klingsieck, K. B. (2022). Procrastination among university students: Differentiating severe cases in need of support from less severe cases. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, Article 783570. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.783570
Safari, Y., & Yousefpoor, N. (2022). The role of metacognitive beliefs in predicting academic procrastination among students in Iran: Cross-sectional study. JMIR Medical Education, 8(3), e32185. https://doi.org/10.2196/32185
Schuenemann, L., Scherenberg, V., von Salisch, M., & Eckert, M. (2022). “I’ll worry about it tomorrow” – Fostering emotion regulation skills to overcome procrastination. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, Article 780675. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.780675
Shareinia, H., Ghiyasvandian, S., Rooddehghan, Z., & Esteghamati, A. (2022). Types of health-related procrastination in patients with type-2 diabetes: A qualitative content analysis. Journal of Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders, 21(2), 1509-1517. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40200-022-01092-2
Shaw, A., & Choi, J. (2022). Big Five personality traits predicting active procrastination at work: When self- and supervisor-ratings tell different stories. Journal of Research in Personality, 99, Article 104261. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2022.104261
Steel, P., Taras, D., Ponak, A., & Kammeyer-Mueller, J. (2022). Self-regulation of slippery deadlines: The role of procrastination in work performance. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, Article 783789. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.783789
Suárez, A., Ruiz, Z., & Garcés, Y. (2022). Profiles of undergraduates’ networks addiction: Difference in academic procrastination and performance. Computers & Education, 181, Article 104459. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2022.104459
Sun, T., & Kim, J. E. (2022). The effect of procrastination heterogeneity on team performance. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 87, Article 103231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ergon.2021.103231
Svartdal, F., & Løkke, J. A. (2022). The ABC of academic procrastination: Functional analysis of a detrimental habit. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, Article 1019261. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1019261
Uzun, B., LeBlanc, S., Guclu, I. O., Ferrari, J. R., & Aydemir, A. (2022). Mediation effect of family environment on academic procrastination and life satisfaction: Assessing emerging adults. Current Psychology, 41(2), 1124-1130. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-021-02652-0
Vangsness, L., Voss, N. M., Maddox, N., Devereaux, V., & Martin, E. (2022). Self-report measures of procrastination exhibit inconsistent concurrent validity, predictive validity, and psychometric properties. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, Article 784471. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.784471
Wieland, L. M., Hoppe, J. D., Wolgast, A., & Ebner-Priemer, U. W. (2022). Task ambiguity and academic procrastination: An experience sampling approach. Learning and Instruction, 81, Article 101595. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2022.101595
Xu, J. (2022). More than minutes: A person-centered approach to homework time, homework time management, and homework procrastination. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 70, Article 102087. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2022.102087
Zhou, M., Lam, K. K. L., & Zhang, Y. (2022). Metacognition and academic procrastination: A meta-analytical examination. Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, 40(2), 334-368. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10942-021-00415-1
Alblwi, A., McAlaney, J., Al Thani, D. A. S., Phalp, K., & Ali, R. (2021). Procrastination on social media: Predictors of types, triggers and acceptance of countermeasures. Social Network Analysis and Mining, 11(1), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13278-021-00727-1
Chen, Z., Liu, P., Zhang, C., Yu, Z., & Feng, T. (2021). Neural markers of procrastination in white matter microstructures and networks. Psychophysiology, 58(5), e13782. https://doi.org/10.1111/psyp.13782
Cui, G., Yin, Y., Li, S., Chen, L., Liu, X., Tang, K., & Li, Y. (2021). Longitudinal relationships among problematic mobile phone use, bedtime procrastination, sleep quality and depressive symptoms in Chinese college students: A cross-lagged panel analysis. BMC Psychiatry, 21, Article 449. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-021-03451-4
Exelmans, L., & Van den Bulck, J. (2021). “Glued to the tube”: The interplay between self-control, evening television viewing, and bedtime procrastination. Communication Research, 48(4), 594-616. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093650216686877
Gadosey, C. K., Schnettler, T., Scheunemann, A., Fries, S., & Grunschel, C. (2021). The intraindividual co-occurrence of anxiety and hope in procrastination episodes during exam preparations: An experience sampling study. Learning and Individual Differences, 88, Article 102013. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2021.102013
Geng, Y., Gu, J., Wang, J., & Zhang, R. (2021). Smartphone addiction and depression, anxiety: The role of bedtime procrastination and self-control. Journal of Affective Disorders, 293, 415-421. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2021.06.062
Goroshit, M., & Hen, M. (2021). Academic procrastination and academic performance: Do learning disabilities matter?. Current Psychology, 40, 2490-2498. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-019-00183-3
Harima, A., Gießelmann, J., Göttsch, V., & Schlichting, L. (2021). Entrepreneurship? Let us do it later: Procrastination in the intention–behavior gap of student entrepreneurship. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 27(5), 1189-1213. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEBR-09-2020-0665
Hen, M., Goroshit, M., & Viengarten, S. (2021). How decisional and general procrastination relate to procrastination at work: An investigation of office and non-office workers. Personality and Individual Differences, 172, Article 110581. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2020.110581
Hong, W., Liua, R. D., Ding, Y., Jiang, S., Yang, X., & Sheng, X. (2021). Academic procrastination precedes problematic mobile phone use in Chinese adolescents: A longitudinal mediation model of distraction cognitions. Addictive Behaviors, 121, Article 106993. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.106993
Kelly, S. M., & Walton, H. R. (2021). “I’ll work out tomorrow”: The procrastination in exercise scale. Journal of Health Psychology, 26(13), 2613-2625. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105320916541
Liu, H., Ji, Y., & Dust, S. B. (2021). “Fully recharged” evenings? The effect of evening cyber leisure on next-day vitality and performance through sleep quantity and quality, bedtime procrastination, and psychological detachment, and the moderating role of mindfulness. Journal of Applied Psychology, 106(7), 990-1006. https://doi.org/10.1037/apl0000818
Oguchi, M., Takahashi, T., Nitta, Y., & Kumano, H. (2021). The Moderating Effect of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms on the Relationship Between Procrastination and Internalizing Symptoms in the General Adult Population. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, Article 708579. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.708579
Sarid, M., Peled, Y., & Vaknin-Nusbaum, V. (2021). The relationship between second language college students’ perceptions of online feedback on draft-writing and academic procrastination. Reading and Writing, 34(5), 1247-1271. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11145-020-10111-8
Shaffer, C. A., & Kazerouni, A. M. (2021). The impact of programming project milestones on procrastination, project outcomes, and course outcomes: A quasi-experimental study in a third-year data structures course. In Proceedings of the 52nd ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education (pp. 907-913). https://doi.org/10.1145/3408877.3432356
Steinert, C., Heim, N., & Leichsenring, F. (2021). Procrastination, Perfectionism, and Other Work-Related Mental Problems: Prevalence, Types, Assessment, and Treatment—A Scoping Review. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 12, Article 736776. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.736776
Wartberg, L., Thomasius, R., & Paschke, K. (2021). The relevance of emotion regulation, procrastination, and perceived stress for problematic social media use in a representative sample of children and adolescents. Computers in Human Behavior, 121, 106788. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2021.106788
Wieland, L. M., Ebner-Priemer, U. W., Limberger, M. F., & Nett, U. E. (2021). Predicting delay in goal-directed action: An experience sampling approach uncovering within-person determinants involved in the onset of academic procrastination behavior. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, Article 695927. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.695927
Xu, T., Sirois, F. M., Zhang, L., Yu, Z., & Feng, T. (2021). Neural basis responsible for self-control association with procrastination: Right MFC and bilateral OFC functional connectivity with left dlPFC. Journal of Research in Personality, 91, Article 104064. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2021.104064
Yang, X., Liu, R. D., Ding, Y., Hong, W., & Jiang, S. (2021). The relations between academic procrastination and self-esteem in adolescents: A longitudinal study. Current Psychology. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-021-02075-x
You, Z., Li, X., Ye, N., & Zhang, L. (2021). Understanding the effect of rumination on sleep quality: A mediation model of negative affect and bedtime procrastination. Current Psychology. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-020-01337-4
Zuber, S., Ballhausen, N., Haas, M., Cauvin, S., Da, C., Coelho, S., … & Kliegel, M. (2021). I could do it now, but I’d rather (forget to) do it later: Examining links between procrastination and prospective memory failures. Psychological Research, 85, 1602-1612. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-020-01357-6
Aznar-Díaz, I., Romero-Rodríguez, J. M., García-González, A., & Ramírez-Montoya, M. S. (2020). Mexican and Spanish university students’ Internet addiction and academic procrastination: Correlation and potential factors. PloS one, 15(5), Article e0233655. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0233655
Bisin, A., & Hyndman, K. (2020). Present-bias, procrastination and deadlines in a field experiment. Games and Economic Behavior, 119, 339-357. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geb.2019.11.010
Bolden, J., & Fillauer, J. P. (2020). “Tomorrow is the busiest day of the week”: Executive functions mediate the relation between procrastination and attention problems. Journal of American College Health, 68(8), 854-863. https://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2019.1626399
Chauhan, R. S., MacDougall, A. E., Buckley, M. R., Howe, D. C., Crisostomo, M. E., & Zeni, T. (2020). Better late than early? Reviewing procrastination in organizations. Management Research Review, 43(10), 1289-1308. https://doi.org/10.1108/MRR-09-2019-0413
Chung, S. J., An, H., & Suh, S. (2020). What do people do before going to bed? A study of bedtime procrastination using time use surveys. Sleep, 43(4), zsz267. https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsz267
Doty, D. H., Wooldridge, B. R., Astakhova, M., Fagan, M. H., Marinina, M. G., Caldas, M. P., & Tunçalp, D. (2020). Passion as an excuse to procrastinate: A cross-cultural examination of the relationships between Obsessive Internet passion and procrastination. Computers in Human Behavior, 102, 103-111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2019.08.014
Ferrari, J. R., & Tibbett, T. P. (2020). Procrastination. In V. Zeigler-Hill & T. K. Shackelford (Eds.), Encyclopedia of personality and individual differences (1st ed., pp. 4046–4053). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24612-3_2272
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